WordPress站點程序，嘗試過安裝各種緩存插件（super cache, w3 total cache等）加速運行，但是低配的vps依然難以支持這么大的訪問量。通過日志可以看到隨著訪問量的增加，php-fpm進程增多，Mysql的連接和線程增多，接著出現OOM，然后系統kill掉占用內存最大的Mysql進程，于是網站進入503宕機模式。
買更好的vps能解決訪問量大的問題，但是要花更多的錢。做為一個技術宅，首先想到的當然是如何榨干現有機器來支撐大流量。做過的嘗試包括切換到比WordPress性能更好的Ghost，參考：嘗試Ghost 。但是相對于WordPress，Ghost的生態遠沒有那么成熟，最終放棄了。
左思右想下，終極解決辦法是用Nginx緩存，最初的文章可參考：Nginx配置fastcgi cache。fastcgi_cache的好處是大部分用戶的請求不用后端php-fpm打交道，直接發送緩存的靜態頁面，速度上甩各種WordPress插件好幾條街！相比之下wordpress的各種插件還要執行php，也避免不了訪問數據庫，弱爆了！
自從使用了nginx緩存，網站平穩運行，再也沒有出現過宕機的現象。同時vps的cpu和內存占用率直線下降，再也無需擔心vps的配置問題，感覺再來10倍流量博客也撐得住！
因為nginx穩如狗的體驗，所以現在對于博客類讀多寫少的產品都是強推nginx緩存（fastcgi緩存或者proxy緩存）。鑒于可能幫到一些網友，現貼出 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置文件供大家參考（包含ssl設置和gzip部分）：
| # 文件： /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k flush=30s; server_tokens off; client_max_body_size 100m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # ssl配置 ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384; ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; ssl_session_tickets off; ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7 ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx => 1.3.7 add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; preload"; #add_header X-Frame-Options DENY; add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN; add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; # 請按照自己的需求更改 fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/tlanyan levels=1:2 keys_zone=tlanyan:10m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off; fastcgi_cache_key $request_method$scheme$host$request_uri; # note: can also use HTTP headers to form the cache key, e.g. #fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_x_custom_header; #fastcgi_cache_lock on; fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10h; fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m; fastcgi_ignore_headers Expires Set-Cookie Vary; # gzip 配置 gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 7; gzip_types text/css text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss application/xhtml+xml application/x-font-ttf application/x-font-opentype application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml image/x-icon application/rss+xml application/atom_xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/icon image/bmp image/jpg; gzip_vary on; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } |
以及用于WordPress站點的網站配置文件（/etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.conf）:
| server {
listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 請換成自己的域名 rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent; } server { listen 443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 請換成自己的域名 charset utf-8; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.pem; # 請換成自己的證書和密鑰 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.key; set $host_path "/var/www/tlanyan"; # 請改成自己的路徑 access_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.access.log main buffer=32k flush=30s; error_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.error.log; root $host_path; # 緩存標記 set $skip_cache 0; if ($query_string != "") { set $skip_cache 1; } if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|sitemap(_index)?.xml") { set $skip_cache 1; } # 登錄用戶或發表評論者 if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") { set $skip_cache 1; } location = / { index index.php index.html; try_files /index.php?$args /index.php?$args; } location / { index index.php index.html; try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location ~ ^/\.user\.ini { deny all; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_cache tlanyan; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m; fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m; fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache; fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache; fastcgi_cache_lock on; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } location ~ \.(js|css|png|jpg|gif|swf|ico|pdf|mov|fla|zip|rar|jpeg)$ { expires max; access_log off; try_files $uri =404; } } |
上述配置對最新版的Nginx測試有效，詳細配置指令請參考Nginx官方文檔。
